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Mouth Infections

Pericarditis

• Viral pericarditis*- Enteroviruses [Coxsackieviruses (A and B) and Echovirus (type 8)]
• Purulent pericarditis- rare- Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococci
• Chronic pericarditis- rare- Mycobacterium tuberculosis and various fungi (Candida sp.)

Myocarditis

• Enteroviruses (Coxsackievirus B is the most common)*

Endocarditis

Native valve- Streptococcus sp. (60-80%, viridans streptococci (30-40%), Streptococcus bovis (10%), Enterococci (S. faecalis and S. faecium; 5-18%) andStaphylococci (20-35%, usually Staphylococcus aureus)

Intravenous drug users- Staphylococcus aureus (50%) and gram-negative bacilli (15%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most the common gram-negative).

Prosthetic valve infections

• Early (within 2 months of surgery) - Staphylococcus (50%; coagulase positive and coagulase negative), gram-negative aerobic bacilli (20%) and fungi (5%).
• Late (more than 2 months post surgery) - viridansStreptococcus sp. (35%), coagulase negative staphylococci (20%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10%).

Rheumatic Heart Disease

• Streptococcus pyogenes
• Hematopoietic/Lymphoreticular Infections

Infections of the Lymphocytes

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)- T-lymphocytes

• Infectious Mononucleosis- B-lymphocytes

• Cytomegalovirus Infections- T-lymphocytes and macrophages

Infections of the Phagocytic Cells

• Cat-scratch disease - Bartonella henselae

• Tularemia -  Francisella tularensis

• Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis - Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii and Anaplasma phagocytophilum

• Q fever- Coxiella burnetii

• Brucellosis- Brucella sp. Plague- Yersinia pestis

Infection of the Erythrocytes

• Babesia- Babesia microti

• Malaria- Plasmodium sp.

Infection of the Endothelial Cells

• Bacillary Angiomatosis/Hepatica peliosis- Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana

• Endemic relapsing fever-Borrelia sp. (15 different species;B. hermsii, B. parkeri)

• Epidemic Hemorrhagic fever- Sin Nombre virus (Hantavirus- hantavirus pulmonary syndrome)

• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever- Rickettsia ricketts

Bacterial Sepsis

Neonates

• E.coli*
• Streptococcus agalactiae (group b strep.)

Adults (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Sepsis, Septic Shock)

• Most are due to bacterial infections. 50% due to Gram negative bacteria; 50% due to Gram positive bacteria. It depends on the location of the site of the initial infection.
• Most common sites of infection leading to sepsis are lungs, abdomen, and urinary tract (ex. urinary tract think Escherichia coli; community acquired pneumonia think Streptococcus pneumoniae).

Infections of the Genitourinary Tract

Cystitis and Pyelonephritis

• Escherichia coli*

Acute bacterial Prostatitis

• Escherichia coli*

Vaginitis

• Bacterial Vaginosis* (BV) due to Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis and various anaerobic bacteria including Mobiluncus sp., and Prevotella sp.

• Candida albicans
• Trichomonas vaginalis

Genital Ulcerative Diseases

• Genital Herpes- HSV-2* (80%),

• HSV-1 (20%) Syphilis- Treponema pallidum

• Chancroid- Haemophilus ducreyi

• Granuloma Inguinale- Klebsiella granulomatis (formerly Calymmatobacterium granulomatis)

• Lymphogranuloma Venereum- Chlamydia trachomatis

Urethritis

• Chlamydia trachomatis*
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Cervicitis

• Chlamydia trachomatis*
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

• Chlamydia trachomatis*
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Genital Warts

• Human Papilloma virus (HPV types 6 and 11 most common for wart-like lesions; HPV types 16 and 18 most common for with cervical dysplasia and carcinoma.)

Epididymitis

• Sexually active men aged <35 years-Chlamydiatrachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Men >35 years of age- gram-negative enteric bacteria

ScabiesPARASITIC INFECTIONS

• Sarcoptes scabieivar hominis

Pediculosis

• Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse)
• Pediculus humanus corporis (body louse)
• Pthirus pubis (pubic louse)

* Most common; please note this is not an exhaustive list and does not include all possible etiologies for a particular disease.
Revised 12/6/06  Continue to first page of Infections

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